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Mano Accident Shatters Worker’s Life Forever

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Top: Bendu Sonii, a victim of a fatal accident involving a Mano Oil Palm Industries vehicle on May 12, 2024, stands at the exact location where the incident took place. The DayLight/Harry Browne


By Matenneh Keita


BALLAH’S TOWN, Grand Cape Mount –  On May 12 last year,  Bendu Sonii, 42, a casual laborer with Mano Oil Palm Industries, left for a friend’s house. She did not know that would be the last day she ever walked.                   

As soon as Sonii left her friend’s house, a Mano vehicle ran into her, damaging her right foot.  

“The car nearly killed me. I was not to myself when the car hit me I was not even a human. They say I was running, but I don’t even know. My spirit went away from me,’’ Sonii tells The DayLight at her home in Ballah’s Town, a community on the highway in the Garwula District,  Grand Cape Mount County.

“People said I was shouting ‘Aaa my children, God my children’ but I don’t remember. I just saw myself in the hospital,” adds Sonii, a mother of eight. She took The DayLight to the accident scene, several yards off the Babangida highway.

A police report found the vehicle had a brake failure. Singbeh Jimmy, the driver, had been traveling from Gbah Jacket to Mano’s Matambo estate. He was jailed for five days and was suspended by Mano.

Immediately after the accident, Mano took Sonii to the company’s headquarters, according to Aminata Getaweh, Sonii’s sister who had rushed to the scene.

Sonii stayed at Mano headquarters for about three hours, as there was no ambulance when she arrived. Having lost too much blood and not getting any care, Getaweh protested her sister be transferred immediately.

Later, an unconscious Sonni was taken to the St. Joseph Catholic Hospital in Congo Town, outside Monrovia. There, she spent two weeks in a coma, during which time doctors advised that her right leg be amputated. She had suffered severe trauma to the foot, crushing her bones.

But there was a problem: Only Sonii, could sign for the amputation. Not even her father, who by then had joined her sister by Sonii’s bedside, could approve the procedure for her. So, they waited two more weeks for her to gain consciousness to make the life-changing decision.

Bendu Sonii cries as she sits on her hospital bed in an interview after her right leg was amputated. The DayLight/Matenneh Keita

After Sonii gained consciousness and was informed about the amputation but relapsed into a coma. When she finally awoke, she sanctioned the amputation “for my children.”      

Land grab

Sonii had spent two months and three weeks at St. Joseph, a period she says was characterized by hunger and grief. Mano sent L$40,000 in total for juices and additional food to the one the hospital served. 

However, Sonii said the money was insufficient as she found it difficult to eat the food the hospital provided, a claim Mano denies.

Richard Hilton, Mano’s corporate communication officer, says Sonii’s hospital bill covered her food. “When she says it was insufficient, I don’t know. I don’t know who determines whether the money is insufficient. Whether there is a policy, I don’t know.” 

Sonii was a general worker with Mano, doing all kinds of casual labor, including applying fertilizer, brushing, and weeding.  

A Lebanese-owned company, Mano, came to Cape Mount in 2021 following a takeover agreement with Sime Darby Plantation (Liberia) Limited a year before. Mano is a subsidiary of Mano Manufacturing Company (MANCO), Liberia’s largest household health and cleaning products producer.

Sime Darby, a Malaysian conglomerate, had signed a 63-year concession agreement with the Liberian government in 2009 to develop 220,000 hectares in northwestern Liberia into oil palm and rubber plantations.

But things did not go as planned. From 2009 to 2019, Sime Darby developed only 10,300 hectares—about five percent of its concession area—due to “several operating challenges.” Locally, its operations were marred by international condemnation over land grab and other human rights violations.

That ghost haunted Mano’s takeover and setups, including workers’ protests and local communities’ demands. This explains the presence of armed police at the plantation who had used the vehicle that shattered Sonii’s life.  

Mano Oil Palm Industries took over a 63-year concession from Sime Darby Plantations (Liberia) Limited in 2020. The DayLight/Harry Browne

‘Playing on me’

Sonii was transferred to the John F. Kennedy Memorial Hospital for discomfort she felt in the shoulder and neck. Doctors at the JFK solved the neck issue but did not find anything wrong with her shoulder.

So, Sonii sought a herbalist’s help to cure her shoulder. “When the herbalist came, he said ‘It is your hand that has got the problem.’ Right away, he started working on my shoulder. The second day that is how my hand sat down,” she recalls.  

Singbeh Jimmy, the driver who caused the accident, regrets the situation and is remorseful. Jimmy knew Sonii before the plantation was established.

“It is playing on me just like it is me [who] is crippled,” said Jimmy. “I am really feeling disappointed in this situation because I am not able to afford anything for her to buy a L$5 cold water and drink from me.”     

Sonii receives between US$70 and US$80 with four 25-kilogram bags of rice, the same she received before the accident. It is, however, inadequate for her family of 10 people—her husband, her eight children and herself. The shop she ran before the accident collapsed while she lay in the hospital.

Mano claims Sonii was advised to check with an insurance company over benefits.

“She should make sure to take the courage to walk after getting her benefit,” said Hilton, Mano’s corporate communication officer. He did not present any evidence or give the insurance company’s name.  “Bendu should not see it that she will be sitting down and it happens.”

A police sketch of the accident that left Bendu Sonii amputated.

Sonii refutes Hilton’s comments, saying Mano did not tell her anything about an insurance company.

Sonii has some domestic issues, too. She fears that her husband, children, and friends could abandon her.

“My husband can feel bad because I was everything. The day he gets it or doesn’t have it, I provide it. I think this is going to affect my marriage because some men are weak-minded. When they interact with another woman who does everything I cannot do, there will be changes,” says Sonii.

“Right now, I tell God thank you because changes are not there yet. He is still with me.”


Green Livelihoods Alliance (GLA) provided funding for this story. The DayLight maintained editorial independence over the story’s content.

FDA Okays Export of over 250 Illegal Logs

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Top: Some of the logs LiberTrace red-flagged for having multiple issues but the FDA still allowed to be shipped. The DayLight/Derick Snyder


By Esau J. Farr


MONROVIA – The Forestry Development Authority (FDA) permitted a company to export round logs mid-last year. However, the regulator ignored its computerized system—known as LiberTrace—red-flagged over 60 percent of the timber.

Out of the total 431 logs, Iroko Timber and Logging Corporation submitted for two shipments, LiberTrace identified 267 as problematic.

LiberTrace, which tracks logs from their sources to final destinations, found the logs’ details were inconsistent with the system’s information.  Most of the logs had not been recorded during a pre-export inspection.

For instance, some logs had their butt-end diameters different from what Iroko declared. Others had volumes different from the ones submitted, while other logs had discrepancies with the lengths the Nigerian-owned company declared.

But the LiberTrace analysis and the export specs detailing each log shipped establish that the FDA allowed the tainted logs to go.   

The combined 431 logs with a 2,549-cubic-meter volume, were loaded at the Port of Greenville, Sinoe County and departed on April 27 and July 2, 2024, on the Panamanian cargo ship MV Nimeh, destined for Bangladesh. 

‘Nothing to add’

Based on the FDA’s standard operating procedures (SOPs) the regulator should have investigated the red flags and sought correction. If not, the SOPs provide the export to be disapproved. “Wood products that are not compliant with the legality definition shall not be authorized for export,” according to  SOPs for export.

A screenshot from some of LiberTrace’s analysis of one of two Iroko exports last year the FDA unlawfully approved

The SOPs allow for the FDA to override LiberTrace’s alarms. However, in such a case, the FDA is required to record the justification for overriding the red flags for auditing. Screenshots of LiberTrace’s history of the logs prove there were no justifications for the FDA’s decision to approve the exports.

Those standards contribute to LiberTrace ensuring tax-complaint companies’ logs are legal, not just traceable. LiberTrace plays a critical role in the forestry sector, particularly in combating illegal logging and enhancing transparency in the timber trade. SGS, a Swiss verification company, built the system and the FDA co-manages it.

Confronted with the red flags, Theodore Nna, SGS’ project manager, did not respond to queries. Nna did the same last year in a similar incident. He had sarcastically offered The DayLight a tutorial in interpreting LiberTrace’s data and analysis.

The FDA Managing Director Rudolph Merab declined to speak on the matter. “I believe my team handled this Iroko issue last year…,” Merab said in a WhatsApp chat. “I have nothing new to add!”

A screenshot of LiberTrace’s history of one of Iroko’s exports shows that the FDA did not justify why it overrode errors with several logs for auditing purposes.

Last year, the FDA dismissed reports as a “misinterpretation” of data. It argued that the errors and warnings LiberTrace sounded were routine “minor occurrences.”

Similarly, Iroko did not return emailed questions. The company had initially responded to the DayLight’s inquiries but ceased after the newspaper exposed a series of its wrongdoings.

This investigation adds to the logs’ taint and Iroko’s notoriety. A previous investigation found the logs spent over a year in the Central River Dugbe Community Forest in Sinoe County’s Jaedae District. One unearthed Iroko owed local people a good sum. Another revealed an Iroko shareholder was unqualified for logging over a co-ownership of a company punished for fraud.


This story was a production of the Community of Forest and Environmental Journalists of Liberia (CoFEJ).

Caldwell Timber Smugglers Jailed After News Report

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Top: The Bushrod Island Magisterial Court. The DayLight/Varney Kamara


By Varney Kamara


MONROVIA – Two alleged timber smugglers in Caldwell are spending a fourth night behind bars after a court ordered their arrest following a search and seizure of incriminating evidence at their company’s premises.    

On Tuesday, the Bushrod Island Magisterial Court sent suspects Amara Fofana and Suleyman Karabacak of Libfor Forest Corporation to the Monrovia Central Prison for multiple crimes.

“You are hereby commanded to proceed at Libfor Forest Corporation, and Libfor Forestry Inc, operated by Mr. Amara Fofana and Suleyman Karabacak… to find threatening evidence of the illegal processing and trafficking of wood, the operation of an unregistered and illegal sawmill, including wood products and processing machines use to perpetrate the said illegal act,” read the court order.

“You are hereby commanded to arrest the living body of Amara Fofana and Suleyman Karabacak, identified as defendants, before this Bushrod Island Magisterial Court, Montserrado County, to answer the crime smuggling, environmental crime, fraud, and economic sabotage.”

Fofana and Karabacak remain in jail because defense lawyers have failed to file a $100,000 bond, court officials said.

Their arrest and subsequent incarceration came within 48 hours after a DayLight investigation exposed Libfor’s illegal activities between Liberia and Sierra Leone. The publication established that Libfor has never traded through the legal channel for timber trade, known as LiberTrace.

Monrovia Central Prison authorities committing to receiving Amara Fofana and Suleyman Karabacak

Yet, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry’s records show that Libfor shipped 55,000 cubic meters of sawn timber in a 20-foot container on May 2 last year with a value of US$22,000. The newspaper also published evidence that Libfor has illegally traded timber over 50 times, citing international trade data.

The court has yet to hold a preliminary hearing into the case.

“No lawyer has filed in for preliminary hearing even as we speak,” said Thomas Kun, prosecutor at the Bushrod Island Magisterial Court.” “The essence of this kind of hearing is to afford parties, including the court, the opportunity to listen and know the actual source of the case.”

Whether or not a preliminary hearing is held, the matter will be transferred to a higher court, as the Bushrod Island Magisterial Court does not have jurisdiction over economic sabotage, a state crime.

Kun added Fofana and Karabacak are expected to be prosecuted at the Montserrado Circuit Court during the official commencement of the February term of court.

Logging Trust Approves US$146K For Community Projects

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Top: A town hall in Voogbadee in Sinoe County. File picture/National Benefit Sharing Trust Board


By Varney Kamara


MONROVIA – The National Benefit Sharing Trust Board (NBST), which ensures communities benefit from logging concessions, has approved US$146,117.49 for projects, according to an unpublished report.

The January to June 2024 report unpublished until now, highlights initiatives undertaken during the first half of 2024. Projects include schools, clinics, and guesthouses in River Cess, Grand Gedeh, Sinoe, and Gbarpolu Counties.

“We have outlined areas of work to ensure long-term sustainability and capacity building and highlighted significant efforts undertaken… to address challenges so that the NBST can become more effective and efficient in the implementation of its mandate,” the report said.

In the coming months, NBST is expected to supervise the construction of the Voogbadee Service Center in Sinoe County, Putu Duo Town Hall in Grand Gedeh, and the Zeegar Town Community Health Center in River Cess, accounting for 73 percent of its approved new projects.

NBST  is an offspring of the National Forestry Reform Law of 2006 (NFRL). Its main function is to manage land rental fees from concessionaires to communities affected by commercial logging.

A school in Forkpata, Gbarpolu County. File picture/National Benefit Trust Sharing Board

Since its creation, the trust, which comprises traditional leaders, representatives of the forestry authorities, logging companies, community forest representatives, civil society organizations and international donors, has implemented a host of community projects.

During the period under the spotlight, the trust finished the construction of a town hall, clinic, and primary schools in Gbarpolu, Grand Gedeh and Nimba Counties, valued at US$48,097.08.  Before its latest report, the trust board had completed a town hall, teachers’ quarters, and a clinic in Lofa and Sinoe Counties.

Between 2018 and 2022, NBST hit a major milestone, completing 53 community projects, organizing the first National Forest Forum(NFF) in the country, and ensuring the government paid the US$200,000 it owed communities. 

Other achievements include processing and channeling of land rental fees between communities and the government, capacity building for communities, an independent financial audit, law amendment benefiting communities, and support to community-funded projects.

Its establishment has increased communities’ participation in the country’s natural resource management, as well as enhanced transparency and accountability in the distribution of communities’ benefits. Last March, the group signed a project partnership agreement (PPA), with beneficiary communities to enhance accountability and transparency, strengthening locals’ involvement in future contract negotiations.

But the trust’s achievements did not arrive on a silver platter, facing some of the biggest challenges in its 19-year history.  

During the period under review, NBST faced funding gaps that resulted from delayed government payments of land rental fee arrears, contractor inadequacies causing project monitoring delays, insufficient logistics and understaffing, etc.

These hurdles, according to the report, hindered its operations and community project implementation. The success of two of its outstanding projects—the Dougee town hall in Grand Gedeh and three primary schools in Gbarpolu—now hinges on how much progress the organization will make to overcome the hitches it faces in the months ahead.

To address these difficulties, the trust recommends that the government amend the regulations to permit it to hire additional staff, seek support from office equipment and quickly pay land rental fee arrears.

The Liberian government owes communities US$25 million in land rental fees, including US$9 million it collected from companies. By law, the government is required to pay these fees quarterly but has failed to meet its obligations since 2009.

Roberto Kollie, NBST’s head of secretariat, informed The DayLight about the body’s expectation a year from now, revealing its next report should be expected in weeks.

“We expect a major reform in the composition of the NBST. We are proposing an amendment to expand the management of the trust board beyond benefit sharing,” Kollie said.

“We want all benefits intended for communities for logging and other natural resources, including carbon, to be channeled through the NBST and, for this to happen, the regulation has to be amended.”

Miners Dig Community Forest with Expired License

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Top: Miners operate with an expired license in the Salayea Community Forest. The DayLight/Harry Browne


By Esau J. Farr  


SALAYEA TOWN – In late May 2024, the Salayea Authorized Community Forest filed a lawsuit against a group of illegal miners for alleged unauthorized entry.

The Salayea Magisterial Court threw the case out, saying Ford Tabolo, the miners’ head, had a legal class ‘C’ or small-scale license. The court called on the Ministry of Mines and Energy, and the Forestry Development Authority (FDA) to resolve the matter.

But Tabolo’s miners continued to mine after the expiration of his license in August last year, according to the Ministry of Mines and Energy’s records. This means that Tabolo has illegally exploited the 8,270-hectare woodland for five months, nearly half of the lifespan of a small-scale mining license.

In a follow-up to previous investigations, reporters walked six hours to and from the community forest late last year and gathered evidence of Tabolo’s illicit mining activities.

“He (Ford Tabolo) is aware of our operation [mining activities] here and he is the one sponsoring us. If anybody has a problem with us, they will put it before our leader,” said Daddy Kanneh, the head of the mining camp.

Illicit miners Water wash gold at a mining camp in the Salayea Community Forest. The DayLight/Esau J. Farr

The camp is first from Salayea Town towards Telemu deep into the forest at the foot of a red, muddy hill. Mine pits spread beneath a hill, with two tents made of palm thatches and tarpaulins. Five miners panned and sieved for gold with a water pump machine, which is prohibited for small-scale mining.

“If the forest people say we should stop mining, that one should be an agreement between them and our boss man,” added Kanneh.

The reporters walked another hour to Tabolo’s second goldmine. Perched on the banks of a stream, some 10 miners worked there—this time—with shovels, buckets, diggers and cutlasses.

Here, the miners built an inclined wooden stage with carpets. They poured muddy gravel on the carpeted stage, followed by water, which entrapped tiny gold nuggets.

Other mineworkers panned for the nuggets, while others dug gravels and transported them to the washing stage.

Miners wash gravel for gold in the Salayea Community Forest. The DayLight/Esau J. Farr

“Right now, we have around 30 persons here in the forest. The way we used to receive gold here, we are not receiving it like that. When we were using the machine, we were getting more gold but the forest guards came here and took it away,” said John Kollie, the camp’s manager. Kollie disclosed they got between a quarter and half of a gram of gold daily.

Reporters could not visit Tabolo’s third goldmine more than two hours walk away, as evening approached. It would have meant sleeping in the dark, humid forest, and compromising their safety. So, they collected testimonies from the miners who had worked there.

They spoke about how Salayea Community Forest guards seized their tools, including a machine, carpets and shovels.

The DayLight could not determine whether Tabolo had a license for all three goldmines, as he has three other expired licenses in Lofa.

Efforts to interview Tabolo did not materialize, as his phone was always off, and he did not reply to text messages. However, in a previous interview with The DayLight, the mine owner said he would upgrade his small-scale license to a semi-industrial scale license.

Mining with an expired license constitutes a violation, with up to a US$2,000 fine, a maximum 24-month imprisonment, or both for convicted offenders.

Conservation undermined

The community forest wants the miners out as the forest is under conservation. Salayea Community Forest is important for conservation due to its rich biodiversity, which has empowered local people.

The community forest runs alternative livelihood programs, including beekeeping, piggery, village saving loans, woodshops and cocoa plantations.

“We want the government to make sure to get the miners out of the forest because it is undermining our conservation efforts,” said Yassah Mulbah, the chief officer of the forest. “We will not rest as leaders of the forest until the right things are done.”

Miners in the Salayea Community Forest in Lofa County. The DayLight/Harry Browne

Last November, the current minister of Lands, Mines and Energy Minister, Wilmot Paye suggested that the mining law was superior to forestry laws and regulations. He made the statement in a WhatsApp chat with The DayLight.

“Your query should further focus on what the Minerals and Mining Law of 2000 says,” Paye texted and did not say anything thereafter.

Paye’s comments were incorrect. The mining law does not recognize community forestry—it is Liberia’s oldest extractive law. However, the Community Rights Law and the Land Rights Act of 2018 do. Both laws grant locals ownership of forestlands.


This story was a production of the Community of Forest and Environmental Journalists of Liberia (CoFEJ).

Investigation Uncovers Illegal Timber Traffickers in Caldwell

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Top: The headquarters of Libfor Forest Inc. in Riverview, Caldwell. The DayLight/Derick Snyder


By James Harding Giahyue and Derick Snyder  


Editor’s Note: This is the first of a series that exposes Libfor Forest Corporation, an illegal timber trafficking company, operating in the Monrovian suburb of Caldwell.

CALDWELL – A DayLight investigation has uncovered an illegal timber trafficking company in the Caldwell neighborhood of Riverview. Libfor Forest Corporation. coordinates illegal logging activities in and out of Liberia, packages the wood at an unlicensed sawmill and smuggles them in containers, depriving the Liberian government of much-needed revenue.

Public records and other evidence obtained by The DayLight show that Libfor has never traded through the legal channel for timber harvested, transported, processed, imported, or exported from Liberia, known as LiberTrace.

Yet, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry’s records show that Libfor shipped 55,000 cubic meters of sawn timber in a 20-foot container on May 2 last year with a value of US$22,000.

Also, data compiled by British firm Experian, which tracks global trade, show Libfor has exported 51 times since June 2022. The latest shipments went to Turkey.

The US-based The Trade Vision, Another data company whose report is consistent with Experian’s, finds that Libfor’s exports to a single company last year were valued at US$71,447.

An internal document shows Libfor predominantly exports Iroko, a high-quality timber species selling for US$390 on the world market. Due to its durability, it is used in shipbuilding, outdoor construction and furniture.

The Iroko information is consistent with the one provided by the Ministry of Commerce, Experian and Trade Vision. The document suggests that Libfor predominately smuggles Iroko in different sizes via the Freeport of Monrovia 7.6 miles away.

Libfor’s setup matches a class A sawmill, which means the company has deprived the government of US$2,500 for each year it has operated. The same with export fees, local communities’ benefits and other payments, including for an environmental permit.

‘Black manager’

Libfor Forest Corporation, solely owned by Amara Fofana, a Liberian, was established in 2021. It is the one that has conducted the smuggling, the national and international trade databases.

But Süleyman Karabacak, a Turkish national, is Libfor’s practical owner.

Fofana recruits workers and runs the business’ errands, based on a previous DayLight investigation. Karabacak, on the other hand, manages the business, including finances and exports.

In 2023, Fofana signed a contract with Sierra Leonean chainsaw millers for illegal activities in Nimba, exposed in the investigation. The newspaper had published the bogus contract and oversized timber the chainsaw millers produced, compelling Fofana to admit to the wrongdoing. The contract also had Karabacak’s contact number, which a call app identifies as “Turkish buyer.”

“It is the white man who owns the company. Fofana is just the black manager,” one source said. “It is Süleyman [Karabacak] who has the money, who owns the machines.”

Karabacak also co-owns Libfor Forestry Inc., another company created on December 21, 2023, and registered earlier this month, per its article of incorporation and business registration certificate. Its other owner is Ibrahim Halil Sever, whose nationality The DayLight could not determine.

Before Karabacak, Hasan Uzan, another Turk, ran Libfor, Riverview residents and people familiar with the company, told The DayLight. Uzan was blacklisted by the Forestry Development Authority in 2023 for illegal logging in Nimba County. The sources identified Uzan in a picture with another Turk when police arrested the pair.

Photographs and videos The DayLight shot and obtained further unravel Libfor’s criminal world. Workers work with machines to rip thick, heavy timber into different dimensions. Loads of sawn wood adorned various locations, with a Caucasian person’s foot and fingers in some of the pictures. In another picture, men weld a truck destined to transport timber.

Screenshots of sawn timber export record of Libfor Forest Corporation also known as Libfor Forestry Inc. by British firm Experian

Drone shots of the sawmill corroborated the photographs and videos. They show guards manning the facility as men work. In one video, a person can be seen throwing something at the drone as it hovered over the walled property that headquarters Libfor.

‘In the bush’

But where do Libfors source their timber? Does it smuggle in sawn wood, too? The answers lie in our previous investigation of the company, interviews with customs and immigration officers, sources knowledgeable about Libfor’s activities, and public databases. Our 2023 investigation uncovered that Libfor had 20 chainsaws and deployed six Sierra Leoneans to operate them. The men, who were unregulated migrants, harvested some 460 pieces of Iroko in Karnplay in Nimba’s Gbeh-lay District.

Workers of Libfor workers operate a mobile sawmill to rip oversized timber in the company’s year in Riverview, Caldwell.

“We hauled some on the road, and the rest are in the bush,” Aruna Kamara, one of the men told The DayLight.

The Iroko timber were three inches thick, one inch more than the approved dimension for chainsaw-milled timber supplied domestically.  Oversized timber are relatively a new illegal trade known across the industry as “kpokolo.”

By that time, the Forestry Development Authority (FDA) had banned kpokolo after permitting it for over a decade. That ban would be followed by a prohibition on the issuance of permits that fueled the illegal trade, according to minutes of one of the FDA’s recent board meetings, seen by The DayLight.

Fofana, the company’s frontman, claimed that the men had failed to follow instructions. Libfor made furniture to compete with Lebanese merchants. He had recruited the Sierra Leoneans because “There are no good operators in Liberia.”

But he somersaulted when confronted with the contract Libfor had given the men, instructing them to cut timber three inches thick, 13 inches wide and 15 feet long.

“I will reduce it because I can’t fight the government,” Fofana said at the time. He later claimed he reduced the wood, Smart News reported.

Fofana provided no evidence the timber were reduced or used to make furniture. Unfortunately, The DayLight did not have any evidence that Libfor was exporting wood at the time. Drone shots and pictures The DayLight obtained last December show oversized timber in Libfor’s yard. In one of the pictures, two men operate a mobile sawmill with kpokolo fastened to it.

“First they used to bring round logs for sawing but now they saw the wood in the bush themselves,” one source said. “They only [rip] it into smaller sizes at the sawmill.”

Sierra Leone  

Different sources said Libfor also gets its timber from Gbarpolu and Sierra Leone.

In an audio recording obtained by The DayLight, Foday Kallon, a cross-border trucker, can be heard explaining how he transports wood from Sierra Leone. Kallon says he does not present any documents to Sierra Leonean immigration and customs officers at Bo Waterside, Liberia’s western border with Sierra Leone the border. He only pays customs duties on the Liberian side of the border.  

The DayLight interviewed Kallon via WhatsApp and he added more information. He revealed that he had transported timber up to 80 inches in thickness, sourcing the wood in Kono and other parts of Sierra Leone.

“When you buy the wood, you need to hire a car from me and you pay me.  I can carry your wood from Sierra Leone to Liberia. I, Mr. Kallon, will be there for you anytime you are ready. I will invite you to Sierra Leone or if you want to see me in Liberia, we discuss how you will pay, and how we will come and buy the woods. You and I can come to Sierra Leone and buy your wood and I will transport your wood from Sierra Leone to Liberia,” he told our reporter.

Liberian and Sierra Leonean immigration and customs officers, who asked not to be named as they were not authorized to speak, corroborated Kallon’s account. We obtained a picture of timber in a truck that eyewitnesses said Libfor imported over the weekend.

This supports a 2018 World Bank report that found Liberia imported over US$10,580 worth of timber from Sierra Leone, the third-largest importer of Sierra Leonean timber after China (US$20,295) and Belgium (US$14,230).

Sierra Leonean authorities did not respond to queries from a DayLight associate. The DayLight has reached out to the Liberia Revenue Authority and will update this story with the LRA’s response.

‘We can’t sleep’

Riverview residents have had issues with Libfor for causing noise pollution and spoiling the community’s road. The community—close to the St. Paul River, giving it a waterfront scenery—has watched as Libfor scars the secluded, suburban community.

Mary Toe, an elderly woman who lives behind Libfor’s fence, complained about the noise from the woodwork.  “I can’t sleep at night,” she told The DayLight. “The people work all night.”

Other residents backed Toe’s comments.  Hassan Kamara, a concerned youth, said Libfor’s container truck spoiled Riverview’s main road, sparking a protest.

French, Turkish, and Dutch

Libfor sheds light on the widespread irregularities and the general downturn of forestry.  A recent review of the sector found only five out of 11 logging companies were active, and that none met legal requirements to operate. Liberia Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (LEITI) reports that the sector generated US$7.65 million from July 2021 to December 2022, a far cry from 8.5 million in 2018 alone.

Sierra Leonean Timber blocks such as these are smuggled to Liberia on container trucks

The Regulation on Establishing a Chain of Custody requires all timber harvested, transported, processed, exported, or imported to pass through Liberia’s timber tracking LiberTrace. Trading outside LiberTrace is an offense, with violators facing a prosecution, forfeiture of their vehicles and equipment, and a prison term, according to the Regulation on Confiscated Logs

Libfor did not answer questions The DayLight posed to it. Karabacak claims he only speaks French, even though documents prove he speaks and writes English.

So, The DayLight translated the questions into French, Turkish and Dutch, the two nationalities of Libfor Forestry Inc. Nevertheless, Karabacak did not respond.

Instead, Karabacak informed Fofana, who called the newspaper and scheduled an interview that day. However, Fofana, too, did not turn out. He evaded an interview in Cape Mount and two schedules for Monrovia.

River Cess Clans Receive Deeds, Empowering Local People

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Top: Clan Chief Mary Garpu of Dorbor receives the clan’s customary land deed. The DayLight/Harry Browne


By Harry Browne and Aaron Geezay


YARPAH TOWN – Several clans in River Cess recently received customary deeds, granting them the right to manage and benefit from lands left behind by their ancestors.  

On December 10, 2024, the Liberia Land Authority(LLA) presented customary deeds to Gbarsaw, Dorbor, Ziadue, and Teekpeh Clans in River Cess County, formalizing the communities’ ownership.   

Then 10 days later, the Siahn Clan in Central River Cess District and the Togba-Nyankun Clan in Fen River District received theirs.   

“Today has become one of the happiest days of my life,” said Samuel Vonziah, chairman of the Gbarsaw Community Land Development Management Committee, fighting back tears.

“When you see me coming down with tears, it is tears of joy, tears of pain, the kind of struggle that we have been through, and other people who struggled with us in the past. All this represents the difficulties we underwent. As communities celebrate this historical moment, we hope for a new beginning that would improve their lives,” Vonziah added.

Edith Gbukpa, a women’s leader of Siahn, celebrated the milestone similarly. “In the past, our parents used to be caretakers of the land, but we are so happy today that we have right over our land.”

The latest issuance increases the number of communities with customary deeds to at least 27 from a list of 21 as of September last year, according to official records. Five more communities are poised to be issued customary deeds, while 30 have registered and conducted confirmatory surveys, representing over 1.3 million acres of land.

The six clans’ progress followed the completion of several processes that qualified the communities, including community self-identification, participatory mapping confirmatory survey, and. Before granting the property deeds, land authorities ensured all land disputes within the clans were amicably resolved.

An elevated view of a portion of Teekpeh Clan’s 65,224.61 hectares of land. The DayLight/Derick Snyder

Obtaining the deed is a break away from the old days.

In the past, communities struggled to get their deed. The right of customary people to own land in Liberia was only recognized in 2018, 171 years after independence. Historically, customary land rights were often overlooked and disregarded.

The Aborigines Law enacted in 1956 weakened the rights of Indigenous people by disregarding customary land rights, experts say. The move denied native people legal ownership of land without written deeds, emphasizing control and ownership by the state.

Consequently, this lack of recognition contributed to significant land disputes and conflicts over resources across Liberia, posing sufficient risk to Liberia’s peace and stability.

In response to the growing threat posed by land disputes, Liberia, backed by the international community, enacted the Land Rights Acts, which recognizes and protects customary land ownership.

Hailed home and abroad as a landmark achievement, the law recognizes customary land ownership, following decades of deprivation.

“Our land is for us now,” said  Nancy Garpu, Clan Chief of Dorbor Clan. “It wasn’t for us at first. It was for the government but now the land is ours. So, I am happy that we have gotten our deed. When I go to my home, it is dancing that we will carry on there.”

The deeds now give communities the freedom to decide how to manage and benefit from the resources of the land, providing them with a window of opportunities to attract investment for local development.

Six of River Cess’ 34 clans now have a customary land deed. The DayLight/Harry Browne

“This is the time to lobby for companies. The reason why we struggled for the deed,” said Onesimus Charles, chairman of the Teekpeh Community Land Development and Management Committee. “I am confident that this deed would ensure the protection and promotion of our customary land.” 

The Sustainable Development Institute (SDI), which supports Gbarsaw, Dorbor, Ziadue and Teekpeh, hailed the handing over of the deeds.

“We are grateful that we were able to educate our people on the processes leading to the acquisition of their deeds and awareness about their rights. This is a result of that engagement you see here today,” said Winston Siaker, a representative of the SDI. “It means we are graduating from the past, where people will no longer say women cannot own land but only boys children.”

Borbor Boeyon, River Cess County Land Administrator. Boeyon disclosed five other River Cess clans are in the process of obtaining their deeds. Boeyon added that many of River Cess’ 34 clans had started the deeding process but were at the boundary demarcation level.

“The land will now be under the clans’ protection and they are going to do what they can do,” Boeyon told The DayLight on the margins of the deeding ceremony in Yarpah Town. “Unlike before, the government will not just move in an area and say, ‘We are taking this portion of land from you.

“Today they have been set free.”

FDA Illegally Permits Abandoned Logs Export, Missing Over US$100K

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created by dji camera

Top: Some of the 431 logs Iroko Timber and Logging Company harvested and took about a year and six months to export. The DayLight/Derick Snyder


By Esau J. Farr


MONROVIA – The Forestry Development Authority (FDA) permitted the export of 2,549 cubic meters of abandoned logs, failing to punish the company involved, and losing substantial revenue.

Iroko Logging and Timber Company exported two consignments of logs on May 7 and July 18 last year, based on official documents. The combined 431 logs were shipped to Chittagong, Bangladesh via the cargo ship MV Nimeh.

But that was more than one-and-a-half years after the logs were harvested in the Central River Dugbe Community Forest in Sinoe County.

Iroko had harvested the logs in October 2022, per the Nigerian-owned company’s website and Facebook page. It only transported the 431 logs from the Jaedae District woodland to an open field near Greenville in February and March last year, residents and other sources said.

That violates the Regulation on Abandoned Logs, Timber and Timber Products. The 2017 regulation requires all logs to be transported, processed, or exported between three weeks and six months after harvesting.

If a log stays in a particular location outside the regulatory timeframe, the FDA is obligated to investigate, auction the logs, or fine the company that harvested them.  The fine includes a tenth, a twentieth and a fortieth of twice the total value of the abandoned logs, depending on the species classes.  

Because the FDA did not do that with Iroko, the government lost US$103,387, according to The DayLight’s analysis, based on the export permits and the regulation.

To arrive at the fine, the newspaper grouped each species of the logs and doubled their volumes. Next, it multiplied the total volumes by their corresponding, FDA-approved prices and added those products. Then it added all of the first-class species, based on the FDA’s categorization, and found 10 percent of that sum.

The newspaper did the same with the second-class ones, finding five percent of the sum this term. Finally, it added the percentage values of the two classes to establish what should have been Iroko’s fine and the government’s revenue.

The loss of US$103,387 comes when the forestry sector faces a downturn in revenue generation. From July 2021 to December 2022, the sector generated US$7.65 million, the least in the extractive sector despite Liberia holding the largest patches of West Africa’s remaining rainforests.

That figure could be more, though. Iroko left several logs in the Central River Dugbe Community Forest, according to residents.

A screenshot from Iroko Timber and Logging Company’s Facebook page showing the logs were harvested on October 14, 2022, more than one-and-a-half years before they exported.

Bartee Togba, the chief officer of the community forest, corroborated the residents’ account. Togba said villagers had counted over 60 logs in the woodland on the border with Grand Kru. “There were more logs,” he said, and there would be an additional counting. 

Following the second of two DayLight investigations last year, the FDA promised to investigate Iroko over the logs’ abandonment but did not. The regulator did not respond to queries for comment.

From July to August last year, Iroko paid the Liberian government US$173,432, covering export, land rental and other fees. The evidence, however, shows that the company owed the government US$16,263 in land rental fees.

That August, Iroko asked the Liberia Revenue Authority (LRA) to pay the balance due in September and October. The LRA agreed.

“If we default on this agreement, our tax debt may be referred to the Ministry of Justice to sue for the unpaid tax and or court’s authorization to seize and sell our property,” the agreement’s terms and conditions read.

But the money has not been paid, according to Iroko’s tax payment record, seen by The DayLight. Despite months of notice, Iroko and the LRA did not respond to inquiries for comments.


This story was a production of the Community of Forest and Environmental Journalists of Liberia (CoFEJ).

FDA Pays Board Member Living in America

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Top: The Forestry Development Authority (FDA) pays Mr. Isaac Grigsby a board sitting fee through a proxy despite the fact he lives in the United States of America. The DayLight/James Harding Giahyue


By James Harding Giahyue


MONROVIA – The Forestry Development Authority (FDA) pays a member of its board of directors who lives in the United States fee for meetings he does not attend, according to official documents obtained by The DayLight.

In March, President Joseph Boakai appointed Isaac Grigsby, an 80-year-old resident of New Jersey, on the FDA board. Since then, Grigsby has been receiving board-sitting fees through Gabriel Flaboe, a project coordinator at the Ministry of Public Works.

Grigsby informed FDA Managing Director Rudolph Merab about the payment procedure in May, based on a letter obtained by The DayLight. “You are hereby authorized to issue the board fees in the name of Mr. Gabriel Sarkpa Flaboe each time he [serves as a] proxy for me,” Grigsby wrote.

Accordingly, Merab forwarded the communication to the Deputy Managing Director for Administration and Finance Victor Kpaiseh to process Grigsby’s payment. “Please act accordingly,” Merab requested on May 13.

That same day, Flaboe received L$131,625, the equivalent of US$500 for sitting fees, US$50 for communication and 25 gallons of fuel for transportation.

The board of directors, which comprises seven other people, is crucial to the running of the FDA. It has oversight over the formulation of regulations, codes and manuals governing the forestry sector. It provides direction for the FDA, passes resolutions and approves the agency’s organizational structure.

A letter Isaac Grigsby wrote to the Forestry Development Authority appointing Gabriel Sarkpa Flaboe to receive board sitting fees on his behalf.
One of the checks Gabriel Sarkpa Flaboe, Sr. received on behalf of Isaac Grigsby, a member of the FDA board of directors

And the stakes are even higher now, with widespread violations and forest degradation, while the sector struggles to generate revenue.

Quorum

The board does not have a code or bylaw regulating its activities. However, Grigsby collecting board payments while residing in a foreign country violates the FDA Act of 1976. The law requires payment for directors who sit in board meetings, not absent ones through proxies.

In fact, it has a provision for absent board directors. “They may receive [from] the authority a stipend for each meeting attended and reimbursement for all expenses they incur in discharging their duties to the authority,” the law states. “A quorum for any meeting of the Board shall be a majority of its members.”

FDA Managing Director Rudolph Merab did not respond to queries for comment on the matter. Merab’s failure to respond comes barely a month after he bragged of denying journalists required access to public information and evading interviews.

“I don’t run my office in the press but when there is something like I told people I would call a press conference,” Merab told a media event last December. “I will speak once and I will try to make myself clear. After that, I will not speak again.”

Flaboe positively identified Grigsby in a photo The DayLight downloaded from Grigsby’s Facebook page. He said Grisby was his uncle. However, he did not answer why he was receiving board-sitting fees for his uncle who does not live in Liberia, and whether Grigsby was sharing the board fees with him.

Similarly, Grigsby did not respond to queries.


This story was a production of the Community of Forest and Environmental Journalists of Liberia (CoFEJ).

Nimba Clan Seeks Support to Protect Community Forest

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Top: Sehyi Ko-doo Community Forest’s members in Sanniquellie-Mahn District, Nimba County. The DayLight/James Harding Giahyue


By Varney Kamara


SEHYI-GEH, Nimba County – Villagers in a northeastern clan seek support to keep their forest amid huge challenges.

On 22 February 2017, the Forestry Development Authority (FDA) and Sehyi Ko-doo Community Forest signed a community forest management agreement that authorized the community to manage its forest.

“We have planted trees and established a management body to protect the forest,” says Ericson Flomo, the leader of the Sehyi Ko-doo Community Forest as The DayLight tours one of the replanting sites.  

“We have also put in place other measures to empower the people. We did this realizing that conservation is the best way to save our forest and the environment,” adds Flomo.

“We need resources, training, and capacity building to maintain and grow this initiative. Strengthening our workforce is critical to these efforts.”

The 1,538-hectare forest is next to the East Nimba Nature Reserve (ENNR), a biodiversity hotspot home to rare wildlife, including African elephants, chimpanzees, and golden cats. The FDA and its international partners see Sehyi Ko-doo and neighboring community forests as important for the ENNR’s protection.

In the past, the region hosted logging, hunting, mining and farming, activities that caused deforestation, habitat loss, and threatened species.

Thus, locals are rethinking ways they can benefit from forest resources without cutting down trees or degrading the forests. From 2002 to 2023, Liberia lost 347,000 hectares of primary forest, making up 15 percent of its total tree cover loss, according to the Global Forest Watch, which analyzes satellite images to track deforestation worldwide.

Reforestation

To help solve this problem, Sehyi Ko-doo runs a reforestation program, a community forest guard service and alternative livelihood activities.

Launched in 2019, the project has seen the replanting of 30,000 trees, including 28,000 indigenous species. It is one of the largest reforestation initiatives in the country. 

The Sehyi Ko-doo Community Forest covers 1,538 hectares in the Sanniquellie-Mahn District of Nimba County. Varney Kamara/The DayLight

Moreover, Sehyi Ko-doo has put 15,000 trees in nurseries, which have produced high yields. They plan to establish a regional laboratory for plant and medical research.

But there are challenges. Locals do not have a water pump machine so, they water the nurseries manually. Furthermore, the distance between the clan and where volunteers collect seeds on the Guinea border is too far. Volunteers, including Otis Flomo, must make the sacrifice. (The Flomos of Sehyi Ko-doo are all related one way or the other, according to a local legend)

“We can go in the bush, bring the seeds before putting them on the ground nursery,” Otis Flomo tells our reporter. The nursery site is on the banks of a river on the Sehyikimpa-Karnplay highway. “We want to appeal to the people to give us one motorbike to be carrying them.”

Forest guards

For effective monitoring, Sehyi Ko-doo has a team of townsmen who regularly patrol the forest to track illegal activities. ArcelorMittal Liberia the project’s main funder, provides a monthly compensation for the guards.

The company has backed conservation projects in the region, including Sehyi Ko-doo’s neighbors: Blei, Zor and Gba Community Forests. It sees the protection of adjacent forests as an important part of managing the ENNR alongside the FDA.

But the support has proved insufficient. Sehyi Ko-doo wants that to increase the guards from 12 to 20. Volunteers lack training, and equipment and need a pay raise.

“Each patrol we make helps us to ensure our forest remains a home for wildlife,” says Emmanuel Flomo. We are also appealing so that the people can add some money to our pay because it is small.”

Emmanuel Flomo’s voice echoes in the forest as he speaks. There were no sounds or signs of logging, mining, or wildlife hunting. The noise from chainsaws and earthmovers that once vibrated in the rocky woodland has been replaced by the original cawing of birds, hooting of chimpanzees and rustling leaves from the footsteps of forest guards.  

“What we earn here is nothing compared to the work we do. But we continue to work because the benefits of this project extend to the entire community,” says Charles Mele, the nursery supervisor.

Alternative livelihoods

The forest guard service aside, Sehyi Ko-doo runs an alternative livelihoods program to keep locals from the forest.  It offers a variety of skills such as women’s arts and crafts, traditional tie dye, tailoring, soap-making, and computer literacy.

Also, Sehyi Ko-doo is building its headquarters in Sehyi-Geh. When completed, the structure will consist of a 250-person conference center and four offices.

It was built with US$42,000 from Solway Mining Inc., which had an iron ore exploration contract with Sehyi Ko-doo, and funds from ArcelorMittal.

Sehyi Ko-doo headquarters will host a 250-person conference center and four offices. The DayLight/James Harding Giahyue

“Our forefathers saw the need to protect the forest and its resources. As members of the current generation, we are under obligation to protect this heritage to save the unborn generation,” says Flomo.

“Now, we have a collective responsibility to repair the damage and ensure future generations benefit from the forest.”  

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